Is Maryland an At-Fault or No-Fault State?
No — Maryland is an at-fault (tort) state, not a no-fault state.
- Fault system
- At-fault (tort)
The driver who caused the crash, and their insurer, pays for the other side's losses. Maryland also requires PIP unless waived, and PIP pays your own medical bills and lost wages up to $2,500 regardless of fault; the PIP insurer has no right to recover those payments from the at-fault driver.
- Comparative negligence rule
- Pure contributory negligence — any fault at all bars recovery
One of the harshest rules in the country, and Maryland is one of only a few states that still use it. If you contributed to the crash at all, even slightly, you recover nothing from the other driver. The rule comes from Maryland court decisions, not a statute: the Court of Appeals refused to replace it with comparative negligence in Harrison v. Montgomery County Bd. of Educ. (1983) and again in Coleman v. Soccer Ass'n of Columbia (2013), leaving any change to the legislature. A 2026 bill (HB 466) to use comparative fault for injured pedestrians, cyclists and other vulnerable road users was referred to interim study and not enacted.
- PIP minimum limit
- $2,500
Can be waived in writing.
How Maryland compares with every other state
What the fault rule decides
In an at-fault state the driver who caused the crash — through their liability insurer — pays for the harm. That is the arrangement in 38 of the 51 jurisdictions on this site, so it is the one most US advice assumes. The practical consequence is that your recovery depends on two things you do not control: how much liability cover the other driver bought, and what share of the blame you are assigned.
This is the rule to read twice. Under pure contributory negligence, any share of the blame at all — one percent — ends the claim. Not reduces it: ends it. Take a hypothetical $100,000 in damages, purely as arithmetic: in most of the country a driver 10% at fault collects $90,000; in Maryland they collect nothing. Only 5 of the 50 jurisdictions on this site still apply it, which also means the other side's insurer has an unusually strong incentive to find some fault in what you did, however small.
The $2,500 of personal injury protection is the money that moves first, before anyone argues about blame — and it is the lowest of the 18 that require it. Treat it as a floor rather than a budget: it is what the state makes you carry, not an estimate of what an injury costs.
Every statute cited for Maryland
Why the rule looks like this
- What Changed in 2026Liability minimums doubled in Hawaii, two states dropped pure comparative fault, New Hampshire stopped inspecting cars, and three crash reporting thresholds moved — a dated account of the 2026 changes, and the ones already signed for 2027 and beyond.
- The One Percentage Point That Decides Your ClaimAcross the states covered on this site there are four different rules for what your own share of the blame does to your claim — and in North Carolina, Maryland and Virginia, being 1% at fault ends it entirely.
- No-Fault Does Not Mean Nobody Is at FaultNo-fault restricts the right to sue rather than removing it. Florida, Massachusetts, Michigan and New York run it, New Jersey and Pennsylvania let you choose, and Michigan lets every driver pick one of six PIP ceilings — which changes who pays after a crash.
More on Maryland
Checked against the primary sources above on September 22, 2026. If a figure here is wrong, tell us and we will fix it — what we have corrected so far is public.