Penalties for Driving Without Insurance in Texas

What actually happens when you are caught driving without liability coverage in Texas.

First offense — fine: $175 – $350
A court may reduce the fine below $175 for a first offense if it finds the driver economically unable to pay.
Subsequent offense — fine: $350 – $1,000
License / registration suspension: Possible on repeat offenses
A second or subsequent conviction can bring driver license and vehicle registration suspension.
Vehicle impoundment: Possible
A vehicle may be impounded when the driver has no liability coverage.
Annual surcharge: None
Texas abolished the Driver Responsibility Program surcharge on September 1, 2019 (HB 2048). Sources that still list an annual $250 surcharge are out of date.
SR-22 required afterwards: Yes

What changed

September 1, 2019
Driver Responsibility Program surcharges repealed
HB 2048 abolished the Driver Responsibility Program in full, including past, present and future surcharges. Roughly one million license suspensions were lifted. Guides that still list an annual $250 surcharge for driving without insurance are describing a program that no longer exists.
Texas DPS